Swaging-mill.



PATENTED OCT. 29. 1907.

B. WINTER.

SWAGING MILL.

APPLICATION PILED'JAN.14, 1907.

aWSES: I

PATENTED OCT. 29. 1907.

E. WINTBR. SWAGING MILL.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN.1'4, 1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A l, E

B r N UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EMIL WINTER, or PITTSBlJBG, PENNSYLVANIA.

sWAGING-MILL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Fatented Oct. 29, 1907.

Application filed anuary 14. 190']. Serial No. 352,281-

. To all whom it may concern:

less. tubes, said improvements consisting generallystated in soconstructing and combining the parts or elements of the mechanism thatthe billet shall have a' movement at the time the swaging rolls bitethereon, in the direction of rotation of the rolls and at a speed equalor approximately equal to the peripheral speed of the rolls or dies. V

The invention described herein has for oneof its objects the applicationof a resilient pressure to the billet in opposition to the movementimparted by the swaging rolls, proportional or approximatelyproportional to the reduction being effected by the rolls.

It is characteristic of all tube swaging mills, whether of theMannesmann or the Briede or other type, that a spring is employed forholding the billet Within the bite of the rolls, presenting a yieldingresistance to the move ment of the billet by the rolls or swages duringreduction. According to the present practice, the greatest reduction isat or near the beginning of the movement of the dies or rolls inopposition to the direction of feed, and the reduction or work done"gradually decreases during this movement of the dies or rolls As aresult of this operation, compression of the billet holding springbegins with the bite of the dies or swages on the billet and graduallyincreases, while by reason of the construction of the operative faces ofthe I dies, the reduction of work being effected gradually decreasesfrom the point of maximum reduction. This gradual decrease of bite orgrip of the dies on the billet results in less resistance to theincreased spring pressure and practice has shown that the dies slip onthe billet, thereby producing a scoring and rapid wearing of the diesand a roughness on the outer surfaces of the finished tube. In order toovercome this objectionable operation, I provide for shifting theabutment or Wall sustaining the yielding resisting pressure so that there sistance presented by such pressure will not only not increase afterthe maximum reduction or work has been performed, but will decrease asor nearly as the reduction effected by the rolls or dies decreases.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification,Figure 1 is a top plan view of my improved mill; Fig. 2 is a sectionalelevation of the same on a plane indicated by the line 11-11 Fig. 1.Figs.

3 and 4 are transverse sections on planes indicated' respectively by thelines IIIIII and IVIV Fig? 1.

Fig. 5 is an elevation of one of the rolls with die secured therein andFig. 6 is a transverse section on the line VIVI Fig. 5. 1

In the practice of my invention the rolls 1 are provided with reducingportions or dies, which are preferably formed in blocks 2 removablysecured in recesses in the rolls. In order to permit of the use of smallrolls, which as is well known are more efficient than large rolls,reinforcing rolls 3 are preferably employed.

Heretofore it has been the practice to arrange these reinforcing rollswith their axes in the plane of the axes of theredhcing rolls, it hasbeen found however that if the reinforcing rolls should be so arrangedin the rear of the reducing rolls and in such relation thereto that thespace between the reinforcing rolls is less than the combined diametersof the reducing rolls. It results from this construction and arrangementthat in operation the reducing rolls will have a tendency to wedgethemselves between the reinforcing rolls being held more firmly to theirwork. The mandrel carrying the billet a is detachably connected to therod 4 of the piston 5 of the cylinder 6. The ports at or adjacent to theends of this cylinder have flexible connections as by pipes 7 to portsat or adjacent to the ends of a cylinder 8 which has its piston rod 9connected to a crank pin 10 operated by the roll driving shaft throughsuitable interposed gearing 11 and a suitable clutch l2.' The cylinders6 and Sand their uninterrrupted connections are charged with acompressible fluid as air under such a pressure that the piston incylinder'6 will promptly respond to any movement of the piston incylinder 8 and will present a resistance to a movement independ- Vcompressed fluid may be considered as the equivalent of a springinterposed between the billet and a movable abutment shiftable as willbe hereinafter explained in certain accord with the movement of thereducing dies or rolls.

The driving mechanism of the piston of cylinder 8 is so adjusted thatthe billet will be reciprocated back and forth on each revolution of therolls and will have a rate of movement at the time the rolls or theiroperative portions bite on the billet equal or approximately equal tothe peripheral speed of the rolls, thereby avoid all hammer-like actionof the rolls on the billet.

The cylinder 6 is secured to a frame or bed 13 having sleeves 14 mountedon guide rods 15, which preferably extend from the housings of the rollsto pillow-blocks 16. The frame or bed with the cylinder is movedforconnected to the movable frame or bed 13. In order.

to shift the frame or bed, when a new-billet is to be operatedon, fluidpressure is admitted to the cylinder formed by the ram 18, the piston orram 19 of this second cylinder being secured to the housing of the rollsand having a passage longitudinally through it forthe admission of fluidto the interior of the ram 18.

In order to rotate the billet, the mandrel bar20 is extended through thepiston rod 4 and a spirally grooved rod 21 secured thereto: This rodextends through a disk 22 having a projection engaging the spiral groovein the rod. This disk is rotatably mounted in a block 23 secured to theframe or bed 13 or the cylinder 6 by bars 24. The disk has aperipherally toothed portion engaged by a pawl 25 pivotally mounted onthe block 23. i In such a construction the disk will rotate in itsbearing when the mandrel is moved back, but will be held stationary bythe pawl during the forward movement of the mandrel and the latter willbe turned a suitable distance and impart a correspending angularmovement to the billet.

As heretofore stated the crank pin 10 has a speed of 2 revolution equalor approximately equal to the periph- QIn operating the crank-pin is soadjusted with reference to the working or reducing portions of the rolls1, that the billet will have a rate of movement in the direction ofrotation of the roll equal or approximately equal to the peripheralspeed of the rolls, at the time such working or reducing portions engageor bite on the billet. When the mill is so constructed that re.-.duction of the billet is effected while the dies or swages move inopposition to the direction of feed, the maxi-' mum work or reductionwill be effected immediately subsequent to the engagement of the dies orswages with the billet and hence the greatest resistance to the tendencyof the dies topush the billet from between the dies or swaging portionsof the rolls should be exerted at this time. Hence the-mill issmadjusted that- 40 the crank-pin, while imparting to the billet thedesired rate of movement relative to the rolls, will be moving throughsuch portion of its are of revolution as to effect the leastacceleration to the movement of the billet. In other wprds at the timethe dies or swages engage the billet the crank-pin should form a smallangle with a plane passing through the axis of the cylinder 8, and ishould be moving away from such plane, and consequently the rate ofmovement of the billet will be very slowly accelerated. By reason of thepush exerted bythedies or swages, there will be an increase of pressurein the rear of the piston of cylinder 6 or similar abut ment movable bythe billet so that the resilient medium employed will present a rapidlyincreased resistance tothe push exerted by the dies or swages andyieldingly hold the billet to the rolls, but with increasedeffectiveness. As the dies or swages continue to" move in a circularpath, reducing the billet, the crank pin is moving through suchportionof its are as to impart progressively and gradually a rate of movementgreater than the peripheral speed of the'dies, to

the rectilinearly moving piston -or abutment. In

swaging under the conditions mentioned the maximum work is performedduring the first portion of the movement of the dies after biting on thebillet and during the remaining portion of the movemen of the dies whileengaging the billet the work performed .or reduction effected graduallyand progressively decreases, requiring less pressure on the billet tohold it to its work. The gradual increase in speed of the abutment orpiston of cylinder 6, whereby holding pressure exerted on the billet isdecreased corresponds so closely to the decrease in work or reductioneffected by the dies or swages, that the two operations may be said tobe almost exactly proportional one to the other.

- In rolling mills of thisclass where the swages or dies perform theirwork or reduction; while-operating in the direction of the feed of thebillet (a mode of opera- I cable. In such mills however the reducingaction.

does not cease atthe point of maximum work, but by reason of theperipheral shapeor contour of the dies .or swages, reduction iscontinued beyond the point of maximum work, but grows rapidly less.During this reduction beyond the point of maximum, the billet is beingdrawn in between the dies or swages, and consequently the resistance ofthe resilient billet-restraining member continues to increase and thislatter portion of the operation hence is diametricall; opposed to theimprovement described herein.

It -is characteristic of my improvement that the means employed forholding the billets in operative relation to thedies or swages, isvaried or adjusted from time to time in accordance with the work orreduction being effected .by the dies. Hence a maximum efficiencyismaintained and no injury to the rolls is caused by the slip of thedies onthe swages or I versa.

vice

In order to adjust the position of the crank-pin relative to theposition of the working or operative portions of the rolls, wedges 26are interposed between the working faces of the members of the clutch12. By adjustingth'e wedges the position of the crank-pin 10, withreference to the working portions of the rolls, can be advanced or movedback as required.

During the swaging or reduction of a billet there will be a gradual lossof heat in the unreduccd portions and hence greater pressure must beexerted to main- W tain the billet in such relation to the dies orswages, as to insure approximately the same amount of reduction by thedies or swages at each operation thereof. This can be effected byincreasing the tension of the resilient member of the billetreciprocating mechanism as reduction of the billet progresses. In theconstruction shown this regulation of the tension of the resilientmember is effected by connecting two cylinders 27 to one of the membersof the billet reciprocating mechanism, as the cylinder 8, so that saidcylinders will be in free communication. with the cylinder 8. Thepistons 29 of the cylinders are adapted to be shifted simultaneously inor out to change the pressure of air in thecylind ers 8 and 6, by anysuitable means,

as for example a fluid pressure cylinder 30 and piston 31, the latterbeing connected to both pistons 29. A valve accessible to the operatorcontrols the fluid pressure How to and from the cylinder 30, or suchflow I claim herein as my invention:

1. In a mill for swaging billets, etc., the combination of dies orswages adapted to move in the are of a circle while operating on thebillet, means for holding the billet in position to be operated on bysaid dies or swag-es, means for adjusting the holding means, andoperative connections from the rolls for said adjusting lneans, constructed to causesuch holding means to present a resistance to themovement of the billet by the dies or swag-es. proportional to thereduction beingeltected by the dies or swag-es.

. 2. In a mill for swaging billets, etc, the combination of dies orswages adapted to move in the are of a circle \Yllile operating on thebillet, resilient means for holding the billet in position to beoperated on by the dies or swn'ges, and means so connected with therolls as to vary the tension of the resilient member of the holdingmeans so as to cause such holding means to present a re stance to themovement of the billet by the dies or sw, g'es, proportional to thereduction beingeffected by the dies or swag'es.

3. In a mill for swaging billets the combination of dies or swag-esmovable in the arc of a circle while operating on the billet, meanshaving a resilient number for holding the billet from movement bythe-dies or swngcs and means for changing the tension oi the resilientmember during the operation of the dies or-swages. I

4. In a mill for swaging billets, etc., the comliination'of dies orswag-es movable in the are of a circle while operat ing on the billet,means including a fluid pressure cylinder and piston for reciprocatingthe billet, and means for changing the fluid pressure in the cylinderequally and in the same direction on both sides of the piston during thereciprocation of the billet.

5. In a mill for swaging billets, etc., the combination of dies orswages movable in the arc of a circle while operating on the billet, acrank pin revoluble synchronously with the dies or swages, acylinder-and piston, the piston being operatively connected to the crankpin, a second cylinder and piston and fluid passage connectionsextendin: from the first to the second cylinder, and a billet holderarranged to be operated by the piston of the second cylinder.

6. In a mill for swaging billets, etc., the combination of dies orswages movable in the arc of a circle, a billet holder, :1 fluidpressure cylinder having its piston connected to the billet holder, asecond fluid pressure cylinder having its ends connected to the ends ofthe first cylinder.

means for reciprocating the piston of the second cylinder and means forvarying the pressure of fluid in said cyli11- ders and theirconnections? 7. In a mill for swaging billets, etc., the combination 01dies or swages movable in the arc of a circle, a billet holder, :1 fluidpressurecylinder having its piston connected to the billet holder, :1second fluid pressure cylinder having its ends connected to the ends ofthe first cylinder so as to permit the passage of fluid, and means forl'ecip rocating the piston of the second cylinder at a variable speedduring each stroke.

As an improvement in the art of swaging billets, etc., the method hereindescribed which consists in reducing the billet step by step by theaction of dies or SWilgItS moving in the arc of a circle, holding thebillet in position to be operated on by the dies or swages, and varyinthe resistance presented by the holding means to the move ment of thebillet by the dies or swages in accordance with the reduction beingeflected by the dies or swages.

5). As an improvement in the art'of swaging billets. etc., the methodherein described which consists in reducing the billet step by step bythe action of dies or swages moving in the arc of a circle, yieldinglyholding the billet in position to be operated on by the dies or swagesand \arying'the resistance presented by the holding means to themovement of the billet by the: dies or swages in accordance with thereduction being effected by the dies or swag'es.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

' EMIL WINTER.

Witnesses 1 WILLIAM H. WILsoN, CHARLES BARNETT.

